yoDSutlIj naQ buv
SabtaHbogh 0.04 vatlhvI'-2.3 vatlhvI' Sut HabmoHwI'-carbon alloys carbon 'a ghIH qaStaHvIS yoDSutlIj naQ 'e'. in order to toughness 'ej ductility, carbon 'a ghIH wej puS 1.7 vatlhvI' ensure. Hur 'elbogh elements in addition to Sut HabmoHwI', Silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, etc yoDSutlIj naQ, carbon. buv tev Sar yoDSutlIj naQ, tlha' Soch ghaj 'elbogh method:
1 buv laHlIj
(1) yoDSutlIj naQ (p ≤ 0.045%,s ≤ 0.05 vatlhvI')
(2) stainless yoDSutlIj naQ (p s 'ej ≤ 0.035 vatlhvI')
(3) jen laHlIj yoDSutlIj naQ (p ≤ 0.035%,s ≤ 0.03 vatlhvI')
2. buv, according to chemical composition
(1) carbon yoDSutlIj naQ: wej ralchugh, vaj yoDSutlIj naQ ([taH ≤ 0.25 vatlhvI'); b. carbon ([taH ≤ 0.25 ~ 0.60 vatlhvI'); c. jen carbon yoDSutlIj naQ ([taH ≥ 0.6 vatlhvI').
(2) yoDSutlIj naQ: wej 'eS alloy yoDSutlIj naQ (alloy element jegh ≤ 5 vatlhvI'); b. alloy (alloy element jegh andgt 5; ~ 10 vatlhvI'); c. jen alloy (alloy element jegh andgt; 10 vatlhvI').
Dumerbe' method press 3,: (1) forge yoDSutlIj naQ (2) yoDSutlIj naQ (3) tuj-tetlh yoDSutlIj naQ, yoDSutlIj naQ (4) wov.
4, pong microstructure buv
(1) anneal Sep: yoDSutlIj naQ wej Sub-eutectoid (ferritic + pearlitic); b. eutectoid yoDSutlIj naQ (Pearlite); c. hypereutectoid (perlite + cementite); d. ledeburite yoDSutlIj naQ (perlite + cementite).
(2) Sep qul: yoDSutlIj naQ wej Pearlite yoDSutlIj naQ b. bainite yoDSutlIj naQ c. martensitic potlh puS; d. austenitic yoDSutlIj naQ.
(3) pagh phase choH phase transitions pagh je 'ay'
5 buv lo'
(1) yoDSutlIj naQ construction engineering je: wej ordinary carbon structural yoDSutlIj naQ; b. 'eS-alloy structural yoDSutlIj naQ; c. yoDSutlIj naQ.
(2) structural yoDSutlIj naQ
wej yoDSutlIj naQ lo' neH mIqta' manufacture: merlu'taH 'ej yoDSutlIj naQ, (b) tlham case-let boghaj'a' yoDSutlIj naQ: HoSnIS (): yoDSutlIj naQ, ammonia yoDSutlIj naQ seepage, yoDSutlIj naQ merlu'taH je rom ([taH) structural yoDSutlIj naQ, carburizing (d) yoDSutlIj naQ DaH nobvam bIr Dumerbe': DaH nobvam bIr yoDSutlIj naQ, bIr heading yoDSutlIj naQ HIjmeH chaw'.
b.-wepDaj yoDSutlIj naQ
c. bearing yoDSutlIj naQ
(3) tool yoDSutlIj naQ: wej carbon tool yoDSutlIj naQ b. alloy tool yoDSutlIj naQ; c. high-speed tool yoDSutlIj naQ.
(4) yoDSutlIj naQ le': wej stainless acidproof yoDSutlIj naQ b. tuj-qaD yoDSutlIj naQ: yoDSutlIj naQ oxidation resistant, yoDSutlIj naQ tuj resistant, valve yoDSutlIj naQ; DaH nobvam c. pIm electric alloy tuj; d. tuQ-resistant e. yoDSutlIj naQ 'eS Hat yoDSutlIj naQ; f. electrotechnical yoDSutlIj naQ.
(5) mIqta' lo' yoDSutlIj naQ, qa''a'pu'vaD such as meH, Duj yoDSutlIj naQ, yoDSutlIj naQ boiler 'ej joH rop Duj yoDSutlIj naQ yoDSutlIj naQ, targhHom veDDaq noch yoDSutlIj naQ je ngaj.
6, buv Sa'
(1) yoDSutlIj naQ
wej carbon structural steels: (net) q195; (b) q215 (, b), ([taH) q235 (, b, [taH), (d) q255 (, b), 'ej (e) q275.
b … 'eS-alloy structural yoDSutlIj naQ
conventional structural yoDSutlIj naQ lo' c. specific
(2) stainless yoDSutlIj naQ (jen laHlIj yoDSutlIj naQ DaH nobvam)
steels structural wej: (b) structural yoDSutlIj naQ, ([taH) wepDaj yoDSutlIj naQ; alloyed () jen laHlIj carbon structural yoDSutlIj naQ. (d) Hergh yoDSutlIj naQ pe'; (e) SIQ yoDSutlIj naQ; (f) structural yoDSutlIj naQ specific lo'.
yoDSutlIj naQ, qaStaHvIS B. tool: (b) alloy tool yoDSutlIj naQ ([taH) high-speed tool yoDSutlIj naQ yoDSutlIj naQ, () carbon tool.
c. specific bang yoDSutlIj naQ: () stainless je, pey-tob yoDSutlIj naQ; (b) tuj-resistant yoDSutlIj naQ, ([taH) electric heating alloy, (d) electrical yoDSutlIj naQ (e) jen manganese tuQ resistant yoDSutlIj naQ.
